AIM/ GOAL: Energy is essential to the development of human society and companies. Energy is becoming more and more necessary as many technologies disciplines advance. Current projections indicate that in the ensuing decades, the world's requirement for basic energy supplies will triple/ multiple. While the alarming greenhouse scenario demands that pollution-free renewable sources, as opposed to fossil fuels and other resources that currently dominate the energy sector, meet the growing demand for energy, these sources have two main drawbacks: they will eventually run out of fuel and release copious amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other harmful greenhouse gases (GHG). The primary cause of the rise in CO2 emissions in developing countries like India is the massive increase in the use of traditional resources (such coal, oil, and natural gas, CNG/ LPG etc.) to meet the speed of the fast-expanding energy requirement. As a result, fossil fuel-powered power plants release a lot of harmful substances into the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The global power generation sector currently generates approximately 530 g of CO2 per kWh (gCO2/kWh) on average. The power and heat industries account for the largest portion of energy-related CO2 emissions (42% of global emissions). India is expected to become the most populated country in the world by 2050 due to population expansion, which is connected to the country's predicted increase in net energy consumption, according to reports from the International Energy Agency (IEA). Based on these projections, there will be a greater demand for natural gas and oil in the upcoming years. To accommodate this dramatic rise in energy needs, it is estimated that the country's energy infrastructure would need to triple/ multiple/ double in size. Several countries throughout the world are currently focusing their efforts on the development of renewable energy (RE) by stopping to employ conventional energy sources in order to achieve the goal of having net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. To achieve these goals/ aim/ objective, it is essential that the drawbacks of sustainable energy processing equipment be minimized in order to increase their effectiveness. The Greenpeace estimate predicts that PV plants would increase nationally, accounting for 20% to 40% of India's current renewable energy sources. In line with global trends, India has also resorted to renewable resources to meet its energy needs. To address energy deprivation and the detrimental effects of traditional energy sources on the atmosphere, there is currently a seismic shift away from conventional power sources and toward non-conventional ones, such as hydropower, nuclear, wind, and solar energy. In addition, there is an increase in the use of gasoline in a variety of commercial, industrial, and transportation settings. The only steady and reliable power source on the planet is the sun. India is a tropical country with abundant solar power resources. Solar energy can be used to address the increasing need for energy. Because solar power is a non-vanishing, lower greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide emission, and noiseless power source, there is a lot of research focused on this field. PV systems have CO2 emissions that are generally much lower than those of conventional energy generation, such as that which uses coal. However, there are notable variations in the modules because of the design of the modules (traditional glass-back sheet or innovative frameless glass-glass modules) and, more importantly, because of the location of production (China, Germany, or the European Union, EU as well as India).
A technology’s carbon emission intensity, or the quantity of CO2 or CO2 equivalent released per unit of energy produced, can be used to assess how it affects the climate. Here, “CO2 equivalent” (CO 2eq) refers to greenhouse gases that are not CO2 and are released as a result of various human activities, including the extraction of fossil fuels and agriculture. Two examples of these gases are methane and nitrous oxide. While renewable technologies like solar power emit minimal or no emissions during operation, they may produce emissions during manufacturing. In contrast, existing fossil fuel technologies (i.e. ESPECIALY CRUDE OIL AND GASES) have a high carbon emission intensity due to the combustion of carbon rich fuels. Therefore, by substituting more carbon-intensive sources of power and heat, solar energy can help reduce carbon emissions. The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the displaced energy sources, the quantity and kind of energy used in the production, installation, and operation of the solar energy system, and the displacement of conventional heat or electricity all affect how much emissions are mitigated. Numerous future energy scenarios have been issued by the International Energy Agency (IEA), such as the two degree scenario (2DS), which calls for a maximum increase in global temperature of only 2°C, and the two degree scenario (2DS-hiRen), which heavily emphasizes renewable energy sources. According to the 2DS-hiRen scenario, by 2050, around one-third of renewable power, or 22% of global electricity, might come from solar energy, of which 10.4% comes from solar thermal power and 11.3% from photovoltaics. It is projected that solar will supply 14% of the world's power in the 2DS, while the renewable contribution is lower. Furthermore, according to IEA estimates, the 258 Gt of CO2 emissions that would need to be mitigated globally by 2050 in the 2DS scenario relative to the baseline would be contributed by 12% through the usage of solar photovoltaic and concentrated thermal power plants. The estimated deployment level for 2050 indicates an average annual rise in capacity of about 12–14%, which is significantly slower than the growth rates observed today and in the past. Based on recent experience, these rapid growth rates seem to be both technically and financially possible @ Market Place GLOBALLY/ NATIONAL AS WELL AS @ REGIONAL SCALE. As a result, solar thermal and photovoltaic energy constitute a critical capability to attain notable reductions in emissions. Numerous factors have contributed to the low degree of solar energy usage observed thus so far. Solar photovoltaic technologies’ high cost was historically a key barrier, but recent price reductions have made solar PV technology affordable, with the cost of additional system components acting as a ceiling. The present dominance of fossil fuels in the energy system is a result of their cheap private cost (i.e., disregarding expenses associated with climate change and atmospheric pollution) when compared to alternatives with lower carbon emissions. This advantage has been solidified through investments in and advancements of related generation and distribution technologies and infrastructure. It has also been difficult to scale up the adoption of low-carbon alternatives and attract the investment required to drive down costs and spur innovation in the absence of significant policy incentives or regulations due to the limited large-scale and commercial experience with them as well as their variable nature. If solar energy is to meet a considerably higher percentage of energy demand, even with such methods, additional energy storage or power management for marketing level approach/ methods/ technology transfer measures especially by MBA Skilled Students or people will be required.
PRESENT ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSION IN SPECIFIED LOCATION The case study has been performed in Pune location at Sant Tukaram Nagar with latitude and longitude 18.62°N, 73.81°E respectively at Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Pimpri, Pune. Generation of solar plant is 100Kw. Multi crystalline and mono crystalline solar panel has been used with series and parallel combination to generate specified output. Dr. D. Y. Patil Unitech Society’s Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Pimpri, Pune consumes energy in the form of Electrical energy, used for various office equipment. The total energy consumption for one year is 586324kWh.
Table. 2 explains the installed capacity of solar power plant and generation of energy through solar PV. By utilizing solar power 527.69MT CO2 emission has been reduced.
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND CO2 EMISSION Table.2: Renewable Energy and CO2 Emission;
Installed Solar PV Plant Capacity 100 kWp;
Energy Generated by Solar PV Plant 162489 kWh;
Reduction in Annual CO2 Emission 527.69 MT;
